Home  ›  Naruto Kicked Out of His Family Fanfiction Arranged Marriage

Naruto Kicked Out of His Family Fanfiction Arranged Marriage

Written By Thursday, 3 March 2022 Add Comment Edit

Marital wedlock organized by parties other than the couple

Bundled spousal relationship is a type of marital union where the bride and groom are primarily selected by individuals other than the couple themselves, especially past family members such as the parents. In some cultures a professional person matchmaker may be used to find a spouse for a young person.

Arranged marriages have historically been prominent in many cultures. The practice remains common in many regions, notably Southern asia, the Eye East, North Africa and the Caucasus. In many other parts of the world, the practice has declined substantially during the 19th and 20th centuries.

Forced marriages, practiced in some families, are condemned by the United nations, and is not an arranged marriage. The specific sub-category of forced child matrimony is especially condemned.[one] In other cultures, people mostly choose their own partner.

History [edit]

Arranged marriages were very common throughout the world until the 18th century.[2] Typically, marriages were arranged by parents, grandparents or other relatives and closest trusted friends. Some historical exceptions are known, such as courtship and betrothal rituals during the Renaissance period of Italian republic[3] and Gandharva Vivah in the Vedic period of Bharat.[4]

In Mainland china, bundled marriages (baoban hunyin, 包办婚姻) – sometimes called blind marriages (manghun, 盲婚) – were the norm earlier the mid-20th century. A marriage was a negotiation and determination between parents and other older members of two families. The boy and daughter were typically told to get married, without a right to demur, even if they had never met each other until the nuptials day.[five] [6] [7]

Arranged marriages were the norm in Russia earlier the early 20th century, nearly of which were endogamous.[8]

Until the first half of the 20th century, arranged marriages were mutual in migrant families in the United states.[nine] They were sometimes called "picture-bride marriages" amidst Japanese-American immigrants because the bride and groom knew each other only through the substitution of photographs earlier the day of their matrimony. These marriages among immigrants were typically arranged by parents, or relatives from the state of their origin. As immigrants settled in and melded into a new civilisation, arranged marriages shifted offset to quasi-arranged marriages where parents or friends made introductions and the couple met earlier the wedlock; over fourth dimension, the marriages amidst the descendants of these immigrants shifted to autonomous marriages driven past individual'southward choice, dating and courtship preferences, along with an increment in interracial marriages.[9] [10] Similar historical dynamics are claimed in other parts of the world.[11] [12]

Arranged marriages have declined in prosperous countries with social mobility and increasing individualism; nevertheless, arranged marriages are still seen in countries of Europe and North America, among imperial families, aristocrats and minority religious groups such as in placement wedlock amongst Fundamentalist Mormon groups of the United States. In most other parts of the world, arranged marriages go along to varying degrees and increasingly in quasi-arranged form, along with autonomous marriages.[ii]

Enforcement [edit]

A adult female who refuses to become through with an arranged marriage, tries to leave an arranged matrimony via divorce or is suspected of any kind of immoral behaviour, may exist considered to have dishonored her entire family. This being the case, her male relatives may be ridiculed or harassed and whatsoever of her siblings may find it incommunicable to enter into a marriage. In these cases, killing the woman is a fashion for the family unit to enforce the institution of bundled marriages. Unlike cases of domestic violence, honor killings are often done publicly for all to see and there are frequently family members involved in the act.[xiii]

Comparison [edit]

Marriages take been categorized into four groups in scholarly studies:[2]

  • Forced arranged wedlock: parents or guardians select, the individuals are neither consulted nor accept any say earlier the marriage
  • Consensual arranged marriage: parents or guardians select, then the individuals are consulted, who consider and consent, and each individual has the power to turn down; sometimes, the individuals meet – in a family unit setting or privately – earlier engagement and marriage equally in shidduch custom amid Orthodox Jews
  • Self-selected union: individuals select, so parents or guardians are consulted, who consider and consent, and where parents or guardians have the power of veto.
  • Democratic wedlock: individuals select, the parents or guardians are neither consulted nor have any say earlier the matrimony

Gary Lee and Lorene Stone suggest that most developed marriages in contempo mod history are somewhere on the scale between consensual bundled and autonomous wedlock, in office because marriage is a social institution. Similarly, Broude and Greene, after studying 142 cultures worldwide, have reported that 130 cultures have elements of arranged marriage.[fourteen]

Farthermost examples of forced arranged marriage have been observed in some societies, particularly in child marriages of girls below historic period 12. Illustrations include vani which is currently seen in some tribal/rural parts of Pakistan, and Shim-pua marriage Taiwan before the 1970s (Tongyangxi in People's republic of china).[fifteen]

Types [edit]

There are many kinds of arranged marriages, some of these are:[16] [17] [18] [19]

  • Arranged exogamous marriage: is one where a tertiary political party finds and selects the bride and groom irrespective of their social, economic and cultural group.
  • Arranged endogamous wedlock: is ane where a third party finds and selects the bride and groom from a detail social, economic and cultural group.
  • Consanguineous marriage: is a type of arranged endogamous marriage.[19] Information technology is one where the bride and groom share a grandparent or near ancestor. Examples of these include first cousin marriages, uncle-niece marriages, second cousin marriages, and and so on. The most common consanguineous marriages are showtime cousin marriages, followed by second cousin and uncle-niece marriages. Between 25 and 40% of all marriages in parts of Saudi Arabia and Pakistan are first cousin marriages; while overall consanguineous bundled marriages exceed 65 to lxxx% in diverse regions of Due north Africa and Central Asia.[twenty] [21]

The bride and groom in all of the above types of bundled marriages, usually practice have the right to consent; if the bride or the groom or both do not have a right to consent, information technology is chosen a forced wedlock. Forced marriages are non the same as bundled marriages; these forced arrangements do not have the full and free consent of both parties, and no major world religion advocates for forced marriages. Bundled marriages are commonly associated with organized religion; a few people in some religions practice this form of marriage the religion does non promote information technology.

According to The Hindu Matrimony Deed, 1955 of Bharat, not-consensual marriages and marriages where either the bridegroom is beneath the age of 21 years or the bride is below the age of 18 are prohibited for the Hindus, Buddhist, Sikhs and Jains.[ citation needed ]

Non-consanguineous bundled spousal relationship is ane where the bride and groom do not share a grandparent or near ancestor. This blazon of bundled marriages is mutual in Hindu and Buddhist South asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia and Christian Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa.[22] Consanguineous marriages are against the constabulary in many parts of United States and Europe.[23] In the Uk uncle-niece marriages are considered incestuous and are illegal, but cousin marriages are not forbidden, although there take been calls to ban start-cousin marriages due to health concerns. While consanguineous bundled marriages are common and culturally preferred in some Islamic countries and among migrants from Muslim countries to other parts of the world, they are culturally forbidden or considered undesirable in most Christian, Hindu and Buddhist societies.[24] Consanguineous arranged marriages were common in Jewish communities before the 20th century, but have declined to less than ten% in modern times.[25] [26]

Causes and prevalence [edit]

Over human history through modern times, the practice of bundled marriages has been encouraged by a combination of factors, such as the practice of child marriage,[27] late marriage, tradition,[28] [29] culture, religion, poverty and limited choice, disabilities,[30] wealth and inheritance problems, politics, social and ethnic conflicts.[31] [32] [33]

Kid spousal relationship [edit]

Child marriage, specially those beneath the age of 12, does not prepare or provide the individual much opportunity to make an informed, free choice about matrimony. These child marriages are implicitly arranged marriages.[34] In rural areas of Eastern asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Latin America, poverty and lack of options, such every bit being able to nourish school, leave petty choice to children other than exist in early arranged marriages.[27] Child marriages are primarily seen in areas of poverty. Parents arrange kid marriages to ensure their kid'southward fiscal security and reinforce social ties. They believe it offers protection and reduces the girl's economic burden on the family due to how costly it is to feed, clothe and (optionally) brainwash a girl. Past marrying their daughter to a practiced family, the parents improve their social status by establishing a social bond betwixt each other.[35]

According to Warner, in nations with the high rates of child marriages, the matrimony of the daughter is virtually always arranged past her parents or guardians.[36] The nations with the highest rates of arranged child marriages are: Niger, Chad, Mali, People's republic of bangladesh, Guinea, Key African Republic, Afghanistan, Yemen, Bharat and Pakistan. Bundled child marriages are also observed in parts of the Americas.[37] [38]

Poverty [edit]

In impoverished communities, every developed oral cavity to feed becomes a continuing brunt. In many of these cultures, women take difficulty finding gainful employment (or are only prohibited from doing so), and their daughters become the greatest burden to the family. Some scholars argue that arranging a marriage of a daughter becomes a necessary ways to reduce this burden.[39] Poverty, thus, is a driver of bundled marriage.

This theory[40] [41] is supported by the observed rapid drop in arranged marriages in fast growing economies of Asia. The financial benefit parents receive from their working single daughters has been cited[42] as a reason for their growing reluctance to see their daughters marry at too early on an age.

Late marriage [edit]

Late matrimony, specially past the historic period of 30 years onetime, reduces the pool of bachelor women for autonomous marriages. Introductions and bundled marriages become a productive choice.[43]

For example, in office due to economic prosperity, about forty% of modernistic Japanese women reach the historic period of 29 and accept never been married. To help late marriages, the traditional custom of arranged marriages called miai-kekkon is re-emerging. Information technology involves the prospective bride and groom, family, friends and a matchmaker (nakōdo, 仲人); the pair is selected by a process with the individuals and family involved (iegara, 家柄). Typically the couple meets three times, in public or private, before deciding if they desire to become engaged.[44] [45] [46]

Express choices [edit]

Migrant minority ethnic populations have limited choice of partners, particularly when they are stereotyped, segregated or avoided by the majority population. This encourages homogamy and bundled marriages inside the ethnic group. Examples of this dynamic include Sikh marriages between 1910 and 1980 in Canada,[47] arranged marriages among Hasidic Jews,[48] [49] and arranged marriages among Japanese American immigrants before the 1960s, who would travel back to Nippon to marry the spouse bundled past the family, and so return married. In other cases, a girl from Nihon would arrive in the United states as a pic bride, pre-arranged to ally the Japanese American man on arrival, whom she had never met.[l]

Custom [edit]

Arranged marriage may be the outcome of certain customs. For instance, in rural and tribal parts of Pakistan and Afghanistan, disputes, unpaid debts in default and crimes such as murder are settled by a council of village elders, chosen jirga.[51] A typical punishment for a offense committed by males involves requiring the guilty family unit to marry their virgin girls between five and 12 year one-time to the other family. This custom requires no consent from the girl, or even her parents. Such arranged child marriages are called vani, swara and sak in dissimilar regional languages of Pakistan.[52] [53] [54]

Another custom in certain Islamic nations,[55] [56] such equally Pakistan, is watta satta, where a blood brother-sister pair of one family are swapped as spouses for a brother-sister pair of another family. In other words, the wife is too the sister-in-law for the males in two families. This custom inherently leads to bundled form of marriage. Nigh xxx% of all marriages in western rural regions of Pakistan are by custom watta-satta marriages, and 75% of these Muslim marriages are between cousins and other claret relatives.[57] [58] [59] Some immigrant families adopt customary practice of arranged wedlock.[lx]

[61] 1770, Empress Maria Theresa sends 14-year-quondam Maria Antonia to France to marry Louis-Auguste

Politics [edit]

Arranged marriages beyond feudal lords, city states and kingdoms, as a means of establishing political alliances, merchandise and peace were common in man history.[46] [62] [63] When a rex married his son to a neighboring state's daughter, it indicated an alliance among equals, and signaled the former's land superiority. For example, the fourth girl of Maria Theresa, Archduchess of Austria and Queen of Republic of hungary, Marie Antoinette, married the dauphin (crown prince) of France, who would become Male monarch Louis 16.[61]

Wealth and inheritance issues [edit]

Throughout most of homo history, marriage has been a social institution that produced children and organized inheritance of property from one generation to next. Various cultures, peculiarly some wealthy royals and aristocratic families, arranged marriages in part to conserve or streamline the inheritance of their wealth.[64]

Tongyangxi, too known as Shim-pua spousal relationship in Taiwanese – literally child or little daughter-in-law – was a tradition of arranged marriage, in which a poor family unit would arrange and marry a pre-adolescent daughter into a richer family equally a servant.[65] The little girl provided slave-like gratis labor, and also the girl-in-police force to the adoptive family'south son. This sort of arranged marriage, in theory, enabled the girl to escape poverty and the wealthy family to get free labor and a daughter-in-police force. Zhaozhui was a related custom by which a wealthy family that lacked an heir would adapt marriage of a boy child from another family. The male child would move in with the wealthy family, have on the surname of the new family unit, and marry the family's daughter. Such bundled marriages helped maintain inheritance bloodlines.[66] Similar matrilocal arranged marriages to preserve wealth inheritance were common in Korea, Japan and other parts of the world.[67] [68] [69]

Bride-wealth [edit]

In many cultures, peculiarly in parts of Africa and the Eye East, daughters are valuable on the spousal relationship marketplace because the groom and his family must pay cash and property for the right to marry the daughter. This is termed every bit helpmate-wealth and locally by various names such as Lobola and Vino Carrying.[70] [71] The bride-wealth is typically kept past the bride's family unit, after the marriage, and is a source of income to poor families. The brothers, male parent, and male relatives of the bride typically have keen interest in arranging her spousal relationship to a homo who is willing to pay the most wealth in exchange for the right to marry her.[72] [73]

Faith [edit]

Some religious denominations recognize marriages only within the faith. Of the major religions of the earth, Islam forbids union of girls of a devout parent to a man who does not belong to that religion. In other words, Islam forbids matrimony of Muslim girls to not-Muslim men,[74] and the religious penalization for those who marry outside might exist severe.[75] This is one of the motivations of bundled marriages in Islamic minority populations in Europe.[76] [77]

Controversy [edit]

Arranged marriages are actively debated betwixt scholars. The questions debated include whether bundled marriages are existence used to abuse international clearing system, to inherently violate human rights, particularly women's rights,[78] if they yield more than stable marriages for raising children, the next generation,[79] and whether in that location is more than or less loving, respectful relationship for the married couple.[fourscore]

Sham marriages [edit]

In the United Kingdom, public word[81] has questioned whether international arranged marriages are a sham without the intention that the spouses volition live as a couple, a convenient means to become residency and European citizenship to some male person or female person immigrants, who would otherwise exist denied a visa to enter the land. These fears accept been stoked by observed divorces once the minimum married residence menstruation requirement is met. MP Ann Cryer has alleged examples of such abuse by W Asian Muslim families in her motion to the United kingdom's House of Commons.[82] The Usa has seen a like controversy with sham arranged marriages.[83] [84]

Human rights [edit]

Diverse international organizations, including UNICEF, have campaigned for laws to ban bundled marriages of children, too as forced marriages.[85] Article 15 and 16 of The Convention on the Emptying of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) specifically cover union and family law, which support such as ban.[86] [87]

Bundled marriages are a matter of debate and disagreements. Activists, such as Charlotte Bunch, suggest that marriages arranged past parents and other family members typically presume heterosexual preference and involve emotional pressure; this drives some individuals into marriages that they consent under duress.[78] Bunch suggests that all marriages should be autonomous.

In contrast, preventing arranged marriages may impairment many individuals who desire to go married and can benefit from parental participation in finding and selecting a mate. For example, Willoughby suggests[80] that bundled marriages piece of work because they remove feet in process of finding the spouses. Parents, families and friends provide an independent perspective when they participate in learning and evaluating the other person, past history, behavior, as well as the couple's mutual compatibility. Willoughby further suggests that parents and family provide more than input in the screening and selection process; oft, they provide financial support for the hymeneals, housing, emotional support and other valuable resources for the couple as they navigate past the wedding into married life, and help raise their children.

Michael Rosenfeld says[80] that the differences betwixt autonomous marriages and bundled marriages are empirically small; many people run into, date and choose to marry or conjugate with those who are similar in groundwork, historic period, interests and social course they feel most similar to, screening factors well-nigh parents would have used for them anyway. Assuming the puddle from which mates are screened and selected is large, Rosenfeld suggests that the differences between the 2 approaches to marriages are not as corking every bit some imagine them to be.[eighty] Others have expressed sentiments similar to Rosenfeld.[88]

Stability [edit]

Divorce rates accept climbed in the European union and the United States with increase in autonomous marriage rates. The lowest divorce rates in the globe are in cultures with high rates of bundled marriages such equally Amish civilization of Us (1%),[89] Hindus of Republic of india (iii%),[80] and Ultra-Orthodox Jews of Israel (7%).[90] According to a 2012 study by Statistic Brain, 53.25% of marriages are arranged worldwide. The global divorce rate for bundled marriages was vi.3%, which could exist an indicator for the success rate of arranged marriages.[91] This has led scholars to enquire if arranged marriages are more stable than autonomous marriages, and whether this stability matters. Others suggest that the low divorce charge per unit may not reflect stability, rather it may reverberate the difficulty in the divorce process and social ostracism to the individuals, who choose to live in a dysfunctional marriage rather than face up the consequences of a divorce.[80] Also, the perception of high divorce rates attributed to self-bundled marriages in the United States is being chosen into question.[92]

Beloved and respect in arranged versus autonomous marital life [edit]

Diverse small sample surveys have been washed to ascertain if arranged marriages or autonomous marriages have a more satisfying married life. The results are mixed – some state marriage satisfaction is higher in democratic marriages, others detect no pregnant differences.[93] Johnson and Bachan have questioned the minor sample size and conclusions derived from them.[94]

Scholars[80] [95] enquire whether love and respect in marital life is greater in bundled marriages than autonomous marriages. Epstein suggests that in many bundled marriages, love emerges over time. Neither autonomous nor arranged marriages offering any guarantees. Many arranged marriages also end up being cold and dysfunctional as well, with reports of corruption.[96] [97]

See likewise [edit]

  • Arranged marriage in the Indian subcontinent
  • Arranged marriages in Japan
  • Approving ceremony of the Unification Church building
  • Bride toll
  • Bride kidnapping
  • Child wedlock
  • Courtship
  • Dowry
  • Lavander marriage
  • Mail-order bride
  • Marriage
  • Marriage of convenience
  • Union of land
  • Union in Islamic republic of pakistan
  • Marriage in South Korea
  • Marriage marketplace
  • Marriageable age
  • Married at Start Sight
  • Matrimonial websites
  • Picture Helpmate (film)
  • Redorer son blason
  • Royal intermarriage
  • Shidduch
  • Shim-pua marriage
  • Shotgun wedding
  • Log Kya Kahenge

References [edit]

  1. ^ "United nations General Associates adopts 2nd resolution on kid, early and forced spousal relationship". Girls Not Brides. December 2016. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
  2. ^ a b c O'Brien, Jodi, ed. (2008). Encyclopedia of Gender and Society. Vol. one. SAGE Publishing. pp. forty–42. ISBN978-1412909167 – via Cyberspace Archive.
  3. ^ "Courtship and Betrothal in the Italian Renaissance". metmuseum.org.
  4. ^ The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M, James G. Lochtefeld (2001), ISBN 978-0823931798, Page 427
  5. ^ Fricke, Chang, and Yang. (1994). Historical and Ethnographic Perspectives on the Chinese family. Social Change and the Family unit in Taiwan. Arland Thornton and Lin, Hui-Sheng. Chicago and London, The University of Chicago Press: 22–48
  6. ^ Pan, Rong (2004), Why Being Single?, Lund University (Sweden), Centre for Asian studies
  7. ^ Gender, Spousal relationship and Migration – Mainland Communist china and Taiwan Tune Chia-Wen Lu (2008), Leiden University
  8. ^ Hutton, M. J. (2001). Russian and West European Women, 1860–1939: Dreams, Struggles, and Nightmares. because political reasons. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers; run across Chapter one
  9. ^ a b Harry Reis and Susan Sprecher, Encyclopedia of Human Relationships, SAGE Publications, ISBN 978-1412958462, pages 113–117
  10. ^ Ghimire et al. (2006), Social change, premartial family unit feel and spouse pick in an bundled wedlock order, American Journal of Sociology, 111, pages 1181–1218
  11. ^ Xiaohe and Whyte (1990), Love matches and arranged marriages: A Chinese replication, Periodical of Marriage and the Family, 52, pages 709–722
  12. ^ Tekce (2004), Paths of marriage in Istanbul: arranging choices and choice in arrangements, Ethnography, 5, pages 173–201
  13. ^ Chesler, Phyllis; Bloom, Nathan (2012-06-01). "Hindu vs. Muslim Honor Killings". Heart Eastward Quarterly.
  14. ^ Broude, Gwen J..; Greene, Sarah J. (July 1983). "Cross-cultural codes on Husband-Wife Relationships". Ethnology. 22 (3): 263–280. doi:ten.2307/3773467. JSTOR 3773467. [ failed verification ]
  15. ^ MDiv, Edward W. Kaleefey BA (2018-03-29). "Recalculating" Marriage: God'southward Direction to a Moral Marriage. WestBow Press. ISBN978-1-9736-2165-two.
  16. ^ Ghimire, D. J., Axinn, Due west. G., Yabiku, S. T., & Thornton, A. (2006). Social Modify, Premarital Nonfamily Feel, and Spouse Choice in an Arranged Matrimony Society1. American Journal of Sociology, 111(four), pages 1181–1218
  17. ^ Jones, K. (2010). Changing marriage patterns in Asia, Asia Research Institute Working Paper No. 131
  18. ^ Shaw, A. (2001). Kinship, cultural preference, and clearing: consanguineous matrimony among British Pakistanis. Journal of the Purple Anthropological Constitute, vii(2), pages 315–334
  19. ^ a b Joseph, S. Due east. (2007). Kissing Cousins. Current Anthropology, 48(v), pages 756–764
  20. ^ R. Hussain (1999), Community perceptions of reasons for preference for consanguineous marriages in Islamic republic of pakistan, Periodical of Biosocial Science, 31, pages 449–461
  21. ^ Consanguineous marriages Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine Brecia Young (2006)
  22. ^ Derek F. Roberts, N. Fujiki, Yard. Torizuka, Kanji Torizuka (Editors), run across Imaizumi, Y. O. One thousand. O. (1992). Factors influencing the frequency of consanguineous marriages in Japan (pages 29–40). Cambridge, Britain: Cambridge Academy Press; ISBN 978-0521419123
  23. ^ Bittles, A. H. (2003). The bases of Western attitudes to consanguineous marriage. Developmental Medicine & Kid Neurology, 45(2), pages 135–138
  24. ^ Alan Bittles, Consanguinity in Context (Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521781862
  25. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia (1906), run into the article on CONSANGUINITY Amongst JEWS; as well meet Jacobs, Studies in Jewish Statistics, pp. 1–9, London, 1891;
  26. ^ Cohen et al., Consanguinity, intracommunity and intercommunity marriages in a population sample of Israeli Jews, Ann Hum Biol. 2004 January–Feb;31(1), pages 38–48
  27. ^ a b Child Marriages World Health System, United Nations (7 March 2013)
  28. ^ Afghanistan – The state of affairs of women and girls UNHCR (2007), pages 45–46
  29. ^ Early on Marriage as a barrier to Daughter'southward Education Archived July 18, 2013, at the Wayback Machine Jeannette Bayisenge, Rwanda (2008)
  30. ^ Ghai, A. (2001). Marginalisation and disability: experiences from the Third World. Disability and the life grade: Global perspectives, pages 26–37
  31. ^ Amt, Emilie (1993), Women'south Lives in Medieval Europe, New York, Routledge
  32. ^ Máiréad Enright, Choice, Civilization and the Politics of Belonging: The Emerging Constabulary of Forced and Arranged Spousal relationship, The Modern Law Review, Book 72, Result 3, pages 331–359, May 2009
  33. ^ Ballad Ember and Melvin Ember, Encyclopedia of Sex activity and Gender: Men and Women in the Globe'southward Cultures Topics and Cultures, Volume 2, ISBN 978-0306477706, pages 71–77
  34. ^ Gupta, G. R. (1976). Love, bundled marriage, and the Indian social structure. Periodical of Comparative Family Studies, vii(i), pages 75–85
  35. ^ Nour, Nawal Thousand (2009-01-01). "Child Union: A Silent Health and Human Rights Effect". Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology. two (1): 51–56. ISSN 1941-2797. PMC2672998. PMID 19399295.
  36. ^ Warner, Elizabeth (2004), Behind the hymeneals veil: Kid wedlock every bit a class of trafficking in girls. American U Journal Gender Soc. Policy & Police, 12, pages 233–270
  37. ^ Chawkins, Steve (January 15, 2009). "Teen'due south arranged wedlock is immune in native United mexican states". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on Jan 19, 2009.
  38. ^ California dad accused of selling girl to teen for greenbacks, beer – Houston Relate. Chron.com (2009-01-12). Retrieved on 2012-04-02.
  39. ^ Engel, J. Due west. (1984). Spousal relationship in the Mainland china: Assay of a new police. Journal of Matrimony and the Family, pages 955–961
  40. ^ The "Flying from Spousal relationship" in South-East and East asia Archived 2016-11-09 at the Wayback Machine Gavin Jones, Singapore (2011)
  41. ^ Salaff, J. (1976) 'The condition of unmarried Hong Kong women and the social factors contributing to their delayed marriage', Population Studies, thirty(3), pages 391–412
  42. ^ Jones (1997) 'The demise of universal marriage in East and South-Due east Asia', in G.W. Jones, R.M. Douglas, J.C. Caldwell and R. D'Souza (eds.), The Continuing Demographic Transition, Oxford Clarendon Press
  43. ^ Retherford, R. D., Ogawa, Northward., & Matsukura, R. (2001). Population and Development Review, 27(ane), pages 65–102
  44. ^ "Omiai and Miai-gekkon, Bundled Marriages in Nippon". hanamiweb.com. 6 November 2007. Archived from the original on 24 July 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
  45. ^ Applbaum, K.D. (1995) Wedlock with the proper stranger – arranged marriage in metropolitan Japan, Ethnology, 34, 37–51
  46. ^ a b Hendry, Joy (2010), Marriage in Changing Japan: Community & Lodge (Vol. 4), Taylor & Francis
  47. ^ Kurian, One thousand. (1991). Southward Asians in Canada. International Migration, 29(3), pages 421–433
  48. ^ Hasidism in America Public Dissemination Service, United States (2002)
  49. ^ Hasidism Louis Jacobs, The Yivo Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe (1998)
  50. ^ A History of Japanese Americans in California Archives of National Park Service, Us (2004)
  51. ^ Vani verdict The Tribune (IHT / New York Times Group), Pakistan (October 9, 2012)
  52. ^ Nasrullah, M., Muazzam, S., Bhutta, Z. A., & Raj, A. (2013). Girl Kid Wedlock and Its Effect on Fertility in Pakistan: Findings from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2006–2007. Maternal and child wellness periodical, pp 1–ten
  53. ^ [ Vani a social evil] Anwar Hashmi and Rifat Koukab, The Fact (Islamic republic of pakistan), (July 2004)
  54. ^ Ahsan, I. (2009). PANCHAYATS AND JIRGAS (LOK ADALATS): Alternative Dispute Resolution Arrangement in Pakistan. Strengthening Governance Through Access To Justice
  55. ^ Latif, Z. (2010), The silencing of women from the Pakistani Muslim Mirpuri community in trigger-happy relationships. Laurels, Violence, Women and Islam, 29
  56. ^ Beswick, South. (2012). Brian J. Peterson. Islamization from Beneath: The Making of Muslim Communities in Rural French Sudan, 1880–1960. The American Historical Review, 117(iv), Chapter v, pp 1329–1360
  57. ^ Watta Satta: Bride Exchange and Women'southward Welfare in Rural Pakistan Hanan M. Jacoby and Ghazala Mansuri, Earth Depository financial institution Policy Research Working Paper 4126, February 2007 (Washington DC)
  58. ^ Islamic republic of pakistan: Traditional marriages ignore HIV/AIDS threat IRIN, United Nations printing service (six December 2007)
  59. ^ Charsley, Thou. (2007), Risk, trust, gender and transnational cousin marriage among British Pakistanis, Ethnic and Racial Studies, thirty(6), pp 1117–1131
  60. ^ Bundled Marriage: Trapped Between Two Cultures. National Public Radio. Retrieved on 2012-04-02.
  61. ^ a b "Married to France: 1770–1780". Marie Antoinette and the French Revolution. pbs.org. Retrieved 2016-05-17 .
  62. ^ Harris, B. J. (1989). Power, Profit, and Passion: Mary Tudor, Charles Brandon, and the Arranged Marriage in Early Tudor England. Feminist Studies, xv(ane), pages 59–88
  63. ^ Fossum, U. Thousand. S., & Boyd, K. (2010). Arranged Marriage–A violation of human being rights?. University of California, Berkeley
  64. ^ Coontz, S. (2006). Spousal relationship, a history: How honey conquered matrimony. Penguin
  65. ^ Judd, East. R. (1989). Niangjia: Chinese women and their natal families. Journal of Asian Studies, 48(3), pages 525–544
  66. ^ Lin Yuju (2011). "Zhaozhui son-in-law". Encyclopedia of Taiwan. Quango for Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on 2013-04-19.
  67. ^ Martin, L. Chiliad. (1990). Changing intergenerational family relations in Eastern asia.The Register of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, pages 102–114
  68. ^ Haruko, Westward., & Gay, S. (1984). Marriage and property in premodern Nihon from the perspective of women's history. Journal of Japanese Studies, x(one), pages 73–99
  69. ^ Kerbo, H. R., & MacKinstry, J. A. (1995). Who rules Japan?: the inner circles of economic and political power. Greenwood Publishing Group; see pages 30–31
  70. ^ Wining back our good luck: bridewealth in present Maputo Paulo Granjo (2004)
  71. ^ Helpmate cost: an insult to women, a burden to men?, BBC News (August 30, 2004)
  72. ^ Margrethe Silberschmidt (1999), Women Forget that Men are the Masters, Nordic Africa Institute, ISBN 978-9171064394, pp 87
  73. ^ Stephanie Beswick (2001), " We Are Bought Like Clothes": The State of war Over Polygyny and Levirate Spousal relationship in South Sudan, Northeast African Studies, 8(2), pp 35–61, Quote – "The highest bidder usually acquires the woman, and the bridewealth is made in a serial of payments."
  74. ^ Run across:
    • Saad Ibrahim, Minority Rights Grouping International, The Copts of Egypt, January 1996; pages 24–25;
    • Philippe Fargues (1998), in Andrea Pacini (Editor), Christian Communities in the Arab Middle East, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-829388-7, page 51;
    • Heiner Bielefeldt, Human Rights Quarterly, Book 17, Number four, November 1995, pages 587–617
  75. ^ See:
    • Saeed, Hassan (2004): Liberty of Religion, Apostasy and Islam. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-3082-1;
    • Altstein, Howard; Simon, Rita James (2003): Global perspectives on social issues: wedlock and divorce. Lexington, Mass: LexingtonBooks. ISBN 0-7391-0588-four;
    • [Quran sixty:10]
  76. ^ Coleman, D. A. (2004), Partner option and the growth of ethnic minority populations Archived June 18, 2015, at the Wayback Car, Bevolking en Gezin, 33(ii), 7–34.
  77. ^ Razack, Sherene H. (October 2004). "Imperilled muslim women, dangerous muslim men and civilised Europeans: legal and social responses to forced marriages". Feminist Legal Studies. 12 (2): 129–174. doi:ten.1023/B:FEST.0000043305.66172.92. S2CID 54832627.
  78. ^ a b Agglomeration, Charlotte (1995). Transforming human rights from a feminist perspective, Women'southward Rights, Homo Rights: International Feminist Perspectives (Julie Peters and Andrea Wolper Editors), pages 15–16; also see pages 157–160
  79. ^ Amato, Paul R. (2012). Institutional, Companionate, and Individualistic Marriages, Marriage at the Crossroads: Law, Policy, and the Brave New Globe of Twenty-Commencement-Century Families, pages 107–124
  80. ^ a b c d e f g Modernistic Lessons from Arranged Marriages Ji Hyun Lee, New York Times (January xviii, 2013)
  81. ^ Ralph Grillo, Marriages, arranged and forced: the UK contend; in Gender, Generations and the Family in International Migration, (Editors: Albert Kraler, Eleonore Kofman, Martin Kohli, Camille Schmoll), ISBN 978-9089642851; see Chapter iii
  82. ^ Multi-cultural sensitivity is not an alibi for moral blindness, Hansard, 10 February 1999; column 256–280
  83. ^ David Seminara (2008) Hello, I Honey You, Won't You Tell Me Your Name: Inside the Green Card Matrimony Miracle Center for Immigration Studies
  84. ^ More than WEDDING RING BUSTS Green-card scam probe widens Brian Harmon, New York Daily News (August 16, 2002)
  85. ^ Child Marriages UNICEF
  86. ^ Freeman, Marsha (1995). Transforming human rights from a feminist perspective, Women'south Rights, Human Rights: International Feminist Perspectives (Julie Peters and Andrea Wolper Editors), pages 149–176
  87. ^ CEDAW – Full Text of Convention United nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (2009)
  88. ^ Is arranged marriage really any worse than craigslist? Anita Jain, New York Magazine (2013)
  89. ^ Trip back in time: the Amish in Ohio St Louis Post-Dispatch (September 10, 2010)
  90. ^ "It's All Relative: The Gimmicky Orthodox Jewish Family unit in America – Institute for Jewish Ideas and Ideals". jewishideas.org.
  91. ^ "Arranged / Forced Marriage Statistics – Statistic Encephalon". www.statisticbrain.com . Retrieved 17 May 2016.
  92. ^ Miller, Claire Cain (two December 2014). "The Divorce Surge Is Over, simply the Myth Lives On". New York Times.
  93. ^ Meet:
    • Usha Gupta; Pushpa Singh (July 1982). "An exploratory study of love and liking and type of marriages". Indian Periodical of Applied Psychology. 19 (2): 92–97.
    • Xu Xiaohe; Martin King Whyte (Aug 1990). "Dearest Matches and Arranged Marriages: A Chinese Replication". Journal of Marriage and Family. 52 (three): 709–722. doi:ten.2307/352936. JSTOR 352936. S2CID 44210505.
    • Jane Eastward. Myers; Jayamala Madathil; Lynne R. Tingle (2005). "Union Satisfaction and Wellness in India and the Usa: A Preliminary Comparison of Bundled Marriages and Marriages of Choice" (PDF). Journal of Counseling & Development. 83 (2): 183–190. doi:ten.1002/j.1556-6678.2005.tb00595.x.
    • Pamela C. Regan; Saloni Lakhanpal; Carlos Anguiano (June 2012). "Relationship Outcomes in Indian-American Love-Based and Arranged Marriages". Psychological Reports. 110 (3): 915–924. doi:10.2466/21.02.07.PR0.110.3.915-924. PMID 22897093. S2CID 33048679.
  94. ^ David R. Johnson; Lauren Thousand. Bachan (Aug 2013). "What tin nosotros acquire from studies based on minor sample sizes? Comment on Regan, Lakhanpal, and Anguiano (2012)". Psychological Reports. 113 (1): 221–224. doi:10.2466/21.02.07.PR0.113x12z8. PMC3990435. PMID 24340813.
  95. ^ Paul Amato (2012), in Spousal relationship at the Crossroads: Police, Policy, and the Brave New World;Editors: Marsha Garrison, Elizabeth S. Scott; ISBN 978-1107018273; see Chapter six
  96. ^ Indian adult female says arranged union was full of corruption John Tuohy and Bill McCleery, U.s. Today (August 12, 2013)
  97. ^ Fighting arranged marriage abuse Sue Lloyd-Roberts, BBC News (July 12, 1999)

madridponot1936.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arranged_marriage

0 Response to "Naruto Kicked Out of His Family Fanfiction Arranged Marriage"

Post a Comment

Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)

Iklan Atas Artikel

Iklan Tengah Artikel 1

Iklan Tengah Artikel 2

Iklan Bawah Artikel